| . | . | Agriculture ( Frequently asked questions ) RRTTS Question No-1 How to identify the insect damage symptoms ? Answer-Affected plant samples may be referred to the Sr. Scientist (Entomology) of the RRTTS (Judia Farm), Keonjhar. Question No-2 How to control gallmidge in rice crop ? Answer- Grow resistant/tolerant varieties Lalat, Srabani, Birupa, Sakti, Bhuban, Kshira, Bhanj, Mehar, Samanta, Samalei.as a first step to suppress the insect. Spray the nursery beds with 0.04% conc. chloropyriphos 20% EC twice at 15 and 25 days after germination (mix the insecticide @ 2 ml/litre of water to get the desired concentration). Alternatively, apply granular insecticides Furadan 3 % G @ 1.2 kg/10 cents of nursery area 10 days before transplanting. Question No-3 How to avoid major foliage feeding insect pests of rice ? Answer- To avoid extensive damage by foliage feeding insects like leaf folder, case worm and grass hoppers, follow the following
Question No-4 How to suppress Gundhi bug menace on rice at flowering – milky stage ? Answer- the light traps for trapping adults
Question No-5 How to control fruit borer infestation on Tomato ? Answer- Usually Spodoptera and Helicoverpa attack at flower initiation stage of the crop.
Question No-6 How can we control fruit borer on bhindi crop ? Answer- Spray profenophos 50% EC or endosulfan 35% EC @ 400 ml / acre, just before flowering and at fruit initiation spray carbanyl 50% WP @ 800g/acre. Question No-7 How to control leafminer attack on tomato ? Answer- Leaf miner starts with increase in day tempt. So, avoid planting late i.e. in Dec. – Jan. If incidence is noticed spray immediately cypermethrin 10% EC @ 200 ml/acre. Question No-8 Why pumpkin fruits drop at early stage ? and How to prevent it ? Answer- Water accumulation at the root zone of the plant, or fruit fly attack to buds or failure of cross pollination, may lead to drop tender fruits and flower buds. Question No-9 How to control termites ? Answer- Timely irrigation can prevent termite attack to a certain extent.
Question No-10 How to control blister beetle and pod borers on arhar ? Answer- At flowering collect blister beetles manually and destroy them.
Question No-11 How to control brinjal shoot and fruit borer ? Answer- At 30 days after planting spray the crop with endosulfan 35% EC @ 400 ml/acre in 200 l of water. At 45 days after planting observe for symptoms like withered apical shoots. If such symptoms as noticed pluck such affected terminal shoots and spray fenvalerate 20% EC @ 200 ml / acre. If required the above two chemicals can be sprayed alternatively. Question No-12 What is shoot gall and how it causes damage to mango ? How to control it ? Answer- Shootgall is a sucking insect that attack the crop at the emergence of fresh leaves in spring. The branches infested with its egg will not bear normal inflorescence rather galls like small nuts can be seen on the apical shoots. Spray systemic insecticides profenophos (2 ml/litre of water ) in the month of May ,Sept. and January. At inflorescence stage spray endosulfan (2 ml/litre of water) twice at 10 days interval. Question No-13 What are the strategies for preventing stored grain insect pests ? Answer-
Question No-14 How to store pulses like biri, greengram, arhar cowpea etc. ? Answer-
Question No-15 How rat problem can be tackled ? Answer-
Question No-16 How the bast disease of rice is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with Thiram or Captan @ 4 gram per kg of seeds before sowing. Spray the nursery seedlings or after transplanting with Hinosan @ 2 ml or Bavistin @ 1 g/litre of water starting from the appearance of the disease and continue the spray 2 to 3 at 10 days interval. Question No-17 How the brown spot disease of rice is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with Thiram or Captan @ 4g/kg seeds before sowing. Spray the crop with Hinosan @ 2 ml or Indofil M-45 @ 4g/litre of water at 10-15 days interval. Question No-18 How the sheath blight disease of rice is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with carbendazim (Bavistin) @ 2g/kg seeds before sowing and give 2-3 sprays with cabendazim @ 1g/litre of water or Validacin @ 3ml/litre or Kitazin @ 2 ml/litre of water. Question No-19 How the Bacterial leaf blight of rice is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with plantomycine @ 10g + Blitox-50 @ 20g/10 lit. of water. Spray the crop with plantomycene @ 10g + Blitox-50 @ 20g/litre aof water. When the symptom starts. Repeat the spray at 10-12 days interval.. Question No-20 How the leaf blight of maize is controlled ? Answer- Starting at symptom appearance give 3 to 4 sprays of Indofil M-45 or captafol @ 4 grams/litre of water at 7 to 10 days interval. Question No-21 How to control the stalkrot of maize ? Answer- Spray the crop at basal level with Indofil M-45 @ 4g/litre of water. Question No-22 How the leaf spot disease of greengram and blackgram is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with carbendazime (Bavistin) @ 2g/kg seeds before sowing. Spray the crop with Bavistin @ 1g/litre aof water at 10-15 days uinterval. Question No-23 How to control the powdering mildew disease of greengram and blackgram ? Answer- Spray 2 to 3 times with wettable sulphur @ 4 kgs/ha. Or Bavistin @ 1g/litre or dinocap 25% wp @ 2 kg/ha at 7-10 days interval. Question No-24 How the collar rot disease of groundnut is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with Benomyl or Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2g/kg seeds before sowing. Question No-25 How the tikka disease aof groundnut is controlled ? Answer- Give 2 to 3 sprays with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 1g + 3g/litre aof water at 15 days interval. Question No-26 How the rust disease of groundnut is controlled ? Answer- Starting at 6 weeks after planting give 2 to 3 sprays with Bitertanol 25 wp @ 750g/ha or with Captafol 80 wp @ 2 kg/ha at 10-15 days interval. Question No-27 How the Alternaris blight disease of mustard is controlled ? Answer- Spray the crop with captafol or Indofil M-45 @ 4g/litre of water three times at 10-15 days interval. Question No-28 How the downy mildew of mustard is controlled ? Answer- Starting at symptom appearance give u 1 to 2 sprays with Rindomil Mz @ 5g/lit. of water at 15 days interval or Indofil m-45 @ 4g/lit. of water at 7 to 10 days interval. Question No-29 How to control the stem rot of jute ? Answer- Treat the seeds with captan or Thiram @ 3g/kg seeds. Spray the crop with Indofil M-45 or Blitox-50 @ 3g/litre of water or Bavistin @ 1g/litre of water. Question No-30 How the red rot disease of sugarcane is controlled ? Answer- Use the disease free sets. Treat the sets with Bavistin (2g/litre of water) for 30 minutes before planting. Give four sprays with copper oxychloriide @ 2g/litre at 15 days interval. Question No-31 How the damping off disease of brinjal seedlings is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with Thiram @ 2.5g/kg seeds or metalaxyl 35% SD @ 2g/kg seeds. Question No-32 How to control the fruit rot and blight of brinjal ? Answer- Starting at symptom appearance give three sprays with carbendazim or benomyl @ 1g/litre of water or spray Indofil M-45 @ 5g/litre of water at 10-15 days interval. Question No-33 How the damping off disease of chilli is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with metalaxyl 35% SD @ 2g/kg seeds. Treat the nursery bed with formaldehyde 4% solution of Bordeaux mixture 4:4:50. Question No-34 How the fruit rot and die back disease of chilli is controlled ? Answer- At fruiting stage spray with carbendazim @ 1g/litre of water or copper oxychloride @ 5g/litre of watrer or Indofil M-45 @ 5g/litre of water. Repeat the 2 to 3 times at 10 to 15 days interval. Question No-35 How the damping off disease of tomato seedlings is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with metalaxyl 35% SD + Thiram 75% WP @ 2.5 g each/kg seeds. Treat the nursery bed with 4% formaldehyde solution or bordeaux mixture. Question No-36 How the late blight and early blight diseases of potato are controlled.? Answer- Starting at sympptom appearance give 3 to 4 sprays with Captafol @ 3g/litre or Indofil M-45 @ 4g/litre of water or Bavistin @ 1g/litre of water at 10 to 15 days interval. Question No-37 How the anthracnose disease of beans is controlled ? Answer- Treat the seeds with carbendazim @ 2g/kg seeds. Spray the crop with carbendazim @ 1g/litre or Indofil M-45 @ 4g/litre of watrer at 10-14 days interval. Question No-38 How the gray blight and fruit rot of guava is controlled ? Answer- Spray the tree with Bavistin @ 1g/litre or Copper oxychloride @ 4g/litre of water. Question No-39 How the Anthracnose disease of mango is controlled ? Answer- Give sprays with Bavistin @ 1g/litre or Captan @ 3g/litre of water at 15 days interval. Question No-40 How the Budrot, fruit rot and nut fall of coconut are controlled ? Answer- Two sprays with Fosetyl-AL 8g /litre or copper oxychloride 5g/litre at 40 days interval first spray just before monsoons start. Question No-41 How to Identify the diseases of crops ? Answer- For this purpose, farmers are requested to bring the diseased samples to be examined by the Scientist (Plant Pathology) and as per his advice, necessary control measures should be taken up. Question No-42 How to check purple blutch and damping of Onion ? Answer- Spray the crop with Bavistin @ 1g/litre or Indofil M-45 @ 3g/litre or copper oxychloride @ 3 g/litre of water when the disease appears and continue the spray thrice with an interval of 10-15 days. Treat the seeds with captan or Thiram @ 3g/kg seeds before nursery sowing. Question No-43 Who can cultivate the mushrooms ? Answer- Any member of the family including ladies and children can cultivate the mushroom. Question No-44 What are the types of mushrooms to be cultivated ? Answer- In Orissa mainly two types of mushrooms like. Paddy straw mushroom and Plaurotus (Dhingri) can be cultivated. Question No-45 When these types of mushrooms are cultivated ? Answer- Mushrooms like paddy straw can be cultivated during warm season starting from April to September and Dhingri can be cultivated during cold season startiang from October to March. Question No-46 What are the requirements for cultivation of paddy straw mushroom ? Answer- For an bed of paddy straw mushroom the requirements are Paddy straw 16 kg; Spawn – 1 bottle. Bengalgram or Arhar powder – 250g. space – 16sq.ft. and a platform 3’ x 3’ size. Question No-47 What are the requirements for cultivation of Dhingri mushroom ? Answer- For one bag, the requirements are straw 2 kg, spawn ½ bottle, boiled wheat 250g. polythene bag 1 no. (size 80 x 40 cm) and space 4 sq.ft. Question No-48 Where the mushroom will be cultivated ? Answer- Any where having a closed space with air circulation. Question No-49 What is the cost of cultivation of mushroom ? Answer- For paddy straw the cost of cultivation is Rs.30/-/bed and for Dhingri the cost is Rs.15/- (without labour charge). Question No-50 How much yield of mushrooms per bed ? Answer- From paddy straw bed the yield of mushroom will vary from 1.5 kg to 3 kg (Av. 1.5 kg) and for Dhingri the yield will be 1 to 1.5 kg (Av. 1 kg.). Question No-51 What is the sale price of mushroom ? Answer- For paddy straw the sale price vary from Rs.50.00 to Rs.60.00 and for Dhingri it is from Rs.30.00 to Rs.40.00/kg. Question No-52 For commercial cultivation how much profit will be generated from one bed of mushroom? Answer- For paddy straw the profit will be Rs.35.00 to Rs.45.00/bed and for Dhingri, the profit will be Rs.25.00 to Rs.30.00/bed. Question No-53 Is there any Government help for commercial mushroom production ? Answer- Yes, for commercial mushroom production a farmer can get loan from any nationalized back to establish a small unit and also from DRDA. Question No-54 Where a farmer can get the spawn and the Technical advice to cultivate the mushroom? Answer- All the technical advice and Pure quality mushroom spawn can be obtained from the Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station (Judia Farm), Keonjhar. Question No-55 Is it essential to analyze the soil ? Answer- Yes because after knowing the nutrient present in soil we have to apply the rest nutrients as per the crop need. Question No-56 How to collect the soil samples ? Answer- The soil samples are collected from the uncultivated field. Collect ten samples from 6" depth randomly from one acre of area, mix them well and finally keep only 1/2 kg for analysis work. Question No-57 What is the cost of analysis ? Answer- For each element we charge Rs.150.00. However the charges may be subsidized by 1/5th for local farmers. Question No-58 Which type of soil pH is suitable for plant growth ? Answer- Plants in general grow well in neutral range of pH. So for good crop growth we have to reclaim the acid and alkali soils. Question No-59 How too correct soil acidity ? Answer- We have to measure the soil pH and apply dolomite lime stone or paper meal sludge accordingly to correct it. Question No-60 How to reclaim the alkali soil ? Answer- The alkali soils can be reclaimed by adding Gypsum depending on soil pH. Question No-61 For which crop Rhizoobium is used ? Answer- Rhizobium is used for pulse legum. It fixes 50-100 kg N/hectare with legumes. For different pulse crops specific rhizobium cultures are required Question No-62 Why we apply Azospirillum ? Answer- Azospirillum is recommended for rice millets, maize, wheat sorghum etc. and it fixes 20-40 kg N/hectare. Question No-63 How to use Azolla ? Answer- Azolla is suitable for flooded condition which fixes upto 40-80 kg N/hectare. When applied in desired quantity. Question No-64 What is BGA ? Answer- It is an algae, fixes 20-30 kg N/hectare. Its application to rice increases yield by 15-20%. Question No-65 How much Azolla is required for a hectare of land ? Answer- Around 10 q of Azolla is required for a hectare of land. Question No-66 How much BGA is required for a hectare of land and how to apply it ? Answer- BGA is applied @ 10-15 kg per hectare of rice after 7 days of transplanting with 2.5 cm of standing water. Question No-67 What is the cost of BGA packet ? Answer- The cost of BGA of 1 kg packet is about Rs.20.00. Question No-68 What are the high yielding Papaya varieties ? Answer- High yielding papays varieties are, Koorg, Honeydew, Co.-1, Co.-2, Pusa delicious, pusa majesti and Washington. Question No-69 Whare are the fertilizer requirement of Papaya seedlings ? Answer- Prepare pit of 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5m size add 2 baskets of compost, 200g,, calcium ammonium nitrate, 250g single superphosphate and 150g of muriats of potash. Question No-70 What are high yielding banana varieties ? Answer- High yielding banana varieties are puran, robusto and dwarf cavendis. Question No-71 How to apply compost and fertilizer in banana ? Answer- Prepare pit of 0.5 x 0.5m add 2 basket of compost 100g calcium ammonium nitrate, 200g single superphosphate and 150 g of muriate of potash. After 60 days of planting again add 100g CAN 200g SSP and 150g MOP again after 90 days 150g of CAN, 120 days add 150g of SSP and 150g of MOP are essential. Question No-72 What are the high yielding guava varieties ? Answer- High yielding guava varieties are Allahabad safed, Lucknow-49, Chididar and Banaras round. Question No-73 What are the high yielding mango varieties ? Answer- High yielding mango varieties are Pusa Amrapalli, Pusa Mallika, Langra, Dashaheri, Alfanso, Baigonpalli, Subernarekha, Latasundari etc.. Question No-74 What are the high yielding tomato varieties ? Answer- High yielding Tomato varieties are Pusarubi, Roma, Navanita, Sayaks, Marglobe, Punjab Choara, Baisali and Rupali. Question No-75 What are the high yielding cabbage varieties ? Answer- High yielding cabbage varieties are Pusa Drum head, Pride of India. Question No-76 What is the fertilizer requirement for cabbage ? Answer- For cabbage one has to apply 120kg nitrogen 40 kg super and 60 kg Potash. Question No-77 When to plant the early varieties of cauliflower and what are its fertilizer requirement ? Answer- The early varieties of cauliflower is to be planted during July to August. Apply 120 kg of Nitrogen, 40 kg super and 60 kg potash per hectare. Question No-78 What are high yielding varieties of Pumpkin ? Answer- High yielding Pumpkin varieties are Arka chandan, Co.1, Co.2, Guamalla etc. Question No-79 What is the fertilizer requirement of Pumpkin ? Answer- For pumpkin the fertilizer requirement is 75 kg nitrogen, 75 kg super and 75 kg potash per hectare. Question No-80 What is the utility of the AAS Scheme towards farming community ? Answer- An agro-advisory service(AAS) bulletin is prepared weekly on the basis of the weather forecast and is distributed to some progressive farmers of the zone. The farmer gets guidelines from the bulletin and plans accordingly his field operations. Question No-81 Who provides the weather forecast and for how many days? Answer- Regularly on every Tuesday we send the weather data of the previous week to the Deptt. of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi through the V-SAT instrument stationed here. The DST, New Delhi analyzes them and send the forecast for coming 3 days. Question No-82 What is V-SAT ? Answer- The V-SAT is a two way satellite earth station with a small antennae and outdoor and indoor units. The full form of V-SAT is Very Small Aperture Terminal. Through this V-SAT we can able to send and receive the message within no time. Here we are using the V-SAT for sending weather data to Deptt. of Science and Technology, New Delhi. Question No-83 Can we see the function of V-SAT ? Answer- Yes, for this purpose you have to take the prior permission of Associate Director of Research and Nodal Officer. Question No-84 What is the approx. cost of V-SAT ? Answer- Its cost is around Rs.8.0 lakh. Question No-85 How can we get the weekly bulletin ? Answer- For this purpose you have to contact Technical Officer of the AAS Scheme, RRTTS, Keonjhar. Question No-86 What seeds/planting materials are available in your Research Station ? Answer- At present we are producing paddy seeds of two catagories i.e. Breeder seed and Foundation seed during kharif –2000. We have also planned to produce mustard (Foundation) seeds in coming Rabi 2000-2001. Besides, we are producing different improved mango varieties through grafting and guava varieties through gooti. Question No-87 Can we get the paddy seeds directly/If so what is the cost ? Answer- The paddy seeds will be available by February 2001 and Mustard seeds will be available by September 2001. The cost of the seeds are – Paddy (Breeder) Rs.24.00 per kg. (Paddy var. Kanchan, Moti, Parijat) (Foundation) Rs.10.00 per kg. approx. (Foundation var. Lalat, MTU-1001) Mustard (Foundation) Rs.22.00 per kg
Agriculture ( Frequently asked questions ) Krishi vigyan Kendra Question No-1 What is Krushi Vigyan Kendra ? Answer- Krishi Vigyan Kendra is a farm science center dealing with crop production Horticulture, Animal Science, Apiculture, Acquaculture, Farm implements, Agroforestry. Home Science and allied subjects in order to solve the problems of farmers, farm women and rural youths for their socioeconomic development. Question No-2 In which way farmers problem can be solved ? Answer- Farmers’ problem can be attended through vocational training’s, field demonstrations and on-farm testing. Besides, field days, group discussion, farmers scientist interaction, kisan mela are organized to meet the needs of the farmers. Question No-3 How can the farmers participate in training programme of K.V.K.? Answer- First of all, the farmers have to contact the training organiser of K.V.K. to know about the schedule of different training programmes of K.V.K. and accordingly they are enrolled for training as per their need. Question No-4 Can we get quality seeds, seedling / planting materials from K.V.K.? Answer- Farmers can get quality seeds and seedlings of improved varieties of leading vegetables and fruits crops in different season. Question No-5 How the farm women can be benefited by K.V.K.? Answer- There are some specific skill oriented training programmes designed for farm women like mushroom cultivation, kitchen gardening, bee keeping, fabric printing, stitching preparation of jam, jelly, pickle etc., preparation of nutritious diets, operation, care and maintenance of pedal operated paddy thresher, winnower and improved sickles. On campus and off campus training programmes are organized as per their training need for generating self employment. Question No-6 How the unemployed rural youth can be benefited by K.V.K.? Answer- There are some long term self employment training programmes conducted by K.V.K. on broiler raising, repair and maintenance of irrigation pumps, mushroom cultivation, fabric printing, bee keeping etc. Rural youth can start their own business after getting such training. Question No-7 I want to develop a fruit orchard. Who will help me at your K.V.K.? Answer- You can contact our Training Associate (Horticulture) in this regard. He can help you. Question No-8 Can I get training on repair and maintenance of irrigation pumps ? Answer- Yes. Question No-9 How can I get farm advisory services (FAS) ? Answer- Please contact Training Associate (Agril.. Extension). Question No-10 I want to enroll myself in your Distant Education Programme, what shall I do ? Answer- Please, contact Training Organizer of Krishi Vigyan Kendra.
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